The Revered 4 Sacred Months in Islam
Introduction
Regarding the 4 sacred months in Islam, Allah says, “Indeed, the number of months with Allāh is twelve [lunar] months in the register of Allāh [from] the day He created the heavens and the earth; of these, four are sacred. That is the correct religion [i.e., way], so do not wrong yourselves during them. And fight against the disbelievers collectively as they fight against you collectively. And know that Allāh is with the righteous [who fear Him].” (Quran 9:36)
The Prophet (ﷺ) specified these 4 sacred months in Islam when he (ﷺ) said, “Time has come back to its original state which it had when Allah created the Heavens and the Earth; the year is twelve months, four of which are sacred. Three of them are in succession; Dhul-Qa’da, Dhul-Hijjah and Al-Muharram, and (the fourth being) Rajab Mudar (named after the tribe of Mudar as they used to respect this month) which stands between Jumad (ath-thani) and Sha’ban.” (Sahih al-Bukhari 4662)
This article explores the significance, history, and implications of these sacred months.
Significance
Qatadah said, “Allah has chosen some of His creation above others. He chose Messengers from angels and from men. He also chose His Speech above all speech, the Masajid above other areas of the earth, Ramadan and the Sacred Months above all months, Friday above the other days and Laylatul-Qadr (The Night of Decree) above all nights. Therefore, sanctify what Allah has sanctified, for doing so is the practice of people of understanding and comprehension.” (Tafsir Ibn Kathir)
Although these four months are highlighted, it does not imply that other months lack sanctity, as Ramaḍān is universally acknowledged as the holiest month of the year. These four months hold a special status because even the pre-Islamic Pagans of Makkah respected their sanctity, emulating their ancestor Ibrāhīm (AS). Despite their frequent tribal conflicts and constant disputes, they considered it forbidden to engage in warfare during these months. The sanctity of these four months was established from the moment Allah created the universe.
The Prophet (ﷺ) emphasised that the sanctity of life, property, and honour during these months is paramount, akin to the sanctity of the holy day, month, and city of Makkah.
Although the sacred months are times of peace, the Quran provides provisions for self-defense if hostilities are initiated by others:
“Then whoever transgresses the prohibition against you, you transgress likewise against him.” (Quran 2:194)
This allowance underscores the importance of maintaining peace but also acknowledges the necessity of defending oneself and the community.
Avoiding Sin
The Quran and Hadith emphasize that sins committed during these sacred months are graver than those committed at other times. Therefore, Muslims are encouraged to increase their acts of worship and good deeds while refraining from wrongdoing.
“so wrong not yourselves therein” (Quran 9:36)
Increased Rewards
Just as sins are deemed more severe, righteous deeds performed during these months are believed to be more rewarding. Acts of charity, prayer, and fasting are highly encouraged.
Significance of Each of the 4 Sacred Months in Islam
Dhul-Qa`dah
Dhul-Qa`dah is the 11th month of the Islamic calendar. It is one of the four sacred months in which warfare is traditionally prohibited, allowing pilgrims to prepare for Hajj. The name itself means “the month of truce,” reflecting its peaceful nature.
Dhul-Hijjah
Dhul-Hijjah, the 12th month, is perhaps the most significant for Muslims worldwide as it encompasses the Hajj pilgrimage. This month includes the first ten days which are considered the most blessed days in Islam, including the greatest day, the day of Arafat, and culminating in the festival of Eid al-Adha.
Muharram
Muharram marks the beginning of the Islamic New Year. It is the first month of the Islamic calendar and is deeply revered. The day of Ashura, which falls on the 10th of Muharram, holds particular significance, commemorating various historical events, including the saving of Musa (AS) and Bani Israel from Firaun and likely the landing of Nuh’s (AS) Ark on Mount Judi, after the great flood.
Rajab
Rajab is the seventh month of the Islamic calendar and stands alone among the sacred months. Its name derives from the Arabic word for “respect” or “honour,” reflecting its esteemed status. Rajab serves as a preparatory period for the upcoming fasting month of Ramadan.
Conclusion
The 4 sacred months in Islam—Dhul-Qa`dah, Dhul-Hijjah, Muharram, and Rajab—are special seasons in the year we should place great significance on, making the intention to increase our spirituality during them. These months offer us an opportunity to reflect, perform righteous deeds, and avoid sin, thereby strengthening our faith and connection with Allah. May Allah make it easy for us to make the most of these special seasons of worship and increase our status with Him.
